• orexin a synthesis Taken together our results demonstrate th

  2021-04-13

  

  Taken together, our results demonstrate that the changes of striatal dopamine release and locomotor activity observed following chronic nicotine treatment and consequent acute withdrawal are mediated by CRF1, but not CRF2. Previous studies have already indicated that blocking CRF1 would prevent some

• The immune control of CMV replication in vivo is

  2021-04-13

  

  The immune control of CMV replication in vivo is primarily driven by the T-cell-mediated response, a characteristic that has been proposed as a tool to individualize and therefore to optimize antiviral treatment [6], [7], and it has been associated with spontaneous clearance of CMV viraemia in patie

• SPR was used to measure

  2021-04-13

  

  SPR was used to measure biomolecular kinetic interactions between TERRA G-quadruplex and ligand in the present study. SPR is a widely used method, but cannot tell which specific type of interaction happened. Compounds with similar structures probably have similar mechanism of interaction, while comp

• Rat pheochromocytoma PC cells have been widely used as a

  2021-04-13

  

  Rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells have been widely used as a cell system to study intracellular signaling leading to neurite outgrowth. The advantages of using PC12 cells in the CHK studies are the fact that they naturally express the rat form of CHK and the observation that down-regulation of CHK fun

• K-252c The mitogen activated protein kinase MAPK family whic

  2021-04-13

  

  The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, which consists of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 MAPK, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), is involved in the development of NP (Hung et al., 2012, Ji et al., 2009). Recently, Zhuang et al. (2005) demonstrated that t

• The role of Epac in the regulation of intracellular

  2021-04-12

  

  The role of Epac in the regulation of intracellular Ca homeostasis and contractility is still matter of debate. In rat adult cardiomyocytes, acute Epac stimulation decreased the amplitude of Ca transients [6], [9], [10] with either no changes [6] or increments [9] in cell shortening, suggesting an e

• br Activatable optical imaging probes Optical fluorescence i

  2021-04-12

  

  Activatable optical imaging probes Optical fluorescence imaging, which directly detects photons emitted from fluorescent probes, has become as a powerful analytical method to study biological processes both in vitro and in vivo. It is characterized by high sensitivity, is free of radioactive irra

• The MOF system described by Farha and coworkers combines

  2021-04-12

  

  The MOF system described by Farha and coworkers combines rational design of the support and good experimental results regarding activity and stability. However, a further increase in the speed of enzyme loading into the MOF and a decrease in leaching are still required. How can the design rules prop

• The Penicillium strain used in

  2021-04-12

  

  The Penicillium strain used in this work was isolated from Atlantic forest soil and previously screened as lipase producer (Tauk-Tornisielo et al., 2005). The immobilization was previously evaluated using hydrophobic supports, i.e. agarose based butyl-(But), phenyl-(Phe) and octyl-Sepharose (Oct), a

• Potential break through technology poised

  2021-04-12

  

  Potential break-through technology poised to overcome these above-mentioned limitations is that of the “substrate mediated enzyme prodrug therapy”, SMEPT (Fig. 1). Learning from the previously established enzyme prodrug therapies (EPT) and specifically the antibody-directed EPT (ADEPT) [12], develop

• br Introduction Cerebral stroke causes an efflux of various

  2021-04-12

  

  Introduction Cerebral stroke causes an efflux of various groups of progenitor and stem cells from bone marrow to bloodstream and the levels of these cells correlate with neurological status of stroke patients (Gójska-Grymajło et al., 2012, 2018). It is thought that paracrine factors produced by t

• ApoE is secreted from astrocytes glia into

  2021-04-12

  

  ApoE is secreted from astrocytes/glia into the interstitial fluid and is important for metabolizing Aβ because of its propensity for binding Aβ as a cholesterol and phospholipid acceptor in reverse cholesterol transport [8]. Aβ oligomers show a direct toxicity to neurons, and ApoE inhibits oligomer

• Programmed cellular death or apoptosis is

  2021-04-12

  

  Programmed cellular death or apoptosis is a process genetically controlled that plays an important role in cellular homeostasis, being an important defense mechanism to remove cells that have been infected, damaged or mutated (Smith and Smith, 2012, Wlodkowic et al., 2011). Nevertheless, apoptosis s

• br Funding This work was supported

  2021-04-12

  

  Funding This work was supported by the grants from MSD, Terumo Life Science Foundation, Takeda Science Foundation, and Japan Diabetes Foundation. Disclosures Acknowledgments The authors thank C. Morimoto (Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan) and K. Takeda (Immunology Frontier Research Center

• KSTDs are generally reported to be intracellular

  2021-04-12

  

  — Δ1-KSTDs are generally reported to be intracellular enzymes, either soluble or bound to subcellular particles. For instance, the enzymes from C. testosteroni ATCC 11996 and ATCC 17410 [50,90,99], R. equi [29], and N. simplex ATCC 6946 [52] were particulate-bound. On the other hand, the Δ1-KSTDs fr

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