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    • Filtered data on breast cancer

    2019-05-10

    Filtered data on breast cancer in women, based on country-level results from the GBD 2010 and widely published on 09/2013 (or in published updated results) were also used for the analysis of breast cancer outcomes.
    Results An overview of breast cancer reported in the Aden Cancer Registry (ACR) from the period 1997–2011 is presented in Fig. 1, where the incidence rate of cases and deaths from this disease increased steadily and reached a peak in the age group 45–49 (35.1 new cases per 100,000 women); in the over 75 age group (17.8 deaths per 100,000 women). In addition, death rates were reported to be higher in 2010 than in 1990 (Fig. 2). Similarly, the rate of DALYs for breast cancer in females increased approximately two-fold between 1990 and 2010 (Fig. 3). Years Lost due to Disability (YLD) for women living with breast cancer or its consequences are shown in Fig. 4. This rate also increased approximately two-fold between 1990 and 2010, with a more substantial increase in older age groups compared to the younger age groups. For example, YLD was estimated to be 2.1/100,000 in the year 1990 vs. 4.2/100,000 in 2010 for the age group 30–40 years, while there is a dramatic increase in YLD from 22.4/100,000 in 1990 up to 43.1/100,000 in 2010 for the age group 80 and over. Years of life lost (YLL) takes into account the age at which deaths occur by giving greater weight to deaths at younger ages and less weight to deaths at older ages. As seen in Fig. 5, the change in the rates of YLL is more similar to the findings on DALYs, in which the rates of the YLL per 100,000 years were remarkably higher in 2010 compared to 1990. This increase was greater in the age groups between 35 and 64 years of age. Table 1 shows a summary of the 4 parameters (death rate, DALY, YLD, and YLL) using three age group cohorts (15–49 years, 50–69 years, and 70 years and older). The direct renin inhibitors was unquestionably higher in 2010 than in 1990 by nearly three-fold, and increased steadily with age. A similar trend was seen in the analysis of DALY rates between 1990 and 2010, which showed a clear increase of the rates within the three age group cohorts (119.9 vs. 196.2, 439.3 vs. 767.2, and 250.8 vs. 430.8). Additionally, the same trend was demonstrated for YLD and YLL in the three age group cohorts. Exclusive Chi-square calculation was performed on the two age groups where breast cancer is recognized to be higher than in younger age group. These include the age group of 50–69 years and 70 years or above over the period from 1990 to 2010. Although there is a difference in the reported rates, no statistical significance was demonstrated between the two age groups as shown in Table 1.
    Discussion Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide. Current and reliable estimates of cancer burden in individual countries and regions are necessary to inform local cancer control strategies. The incidence of breast cancer in women is ranked first among the different types of cancers, comprising approximately 23% of all female cancers and is the main cause of cancer death among women in the Middle East and North Africa region. Although breast cancer is not counted among the top three cancers globally that lead to the highest number of healthy life years lost, it is among the top three cancers that caused the most significant economic impact globally, estimated to be approximately $88 billion per year. Yemen is reported by the World Bank to be one of the poorest countries in the world and in the region, and is ranked number 160 according to the Human Development Index (HDI). The reported Gross National Income (GNI) of Yemen per capita is approximately US $3519, and life expectancy at birth for females is 64.9 years, with only a 66.4% survival rate for females who reach 65 years of age. These conditions in Yemen make the country appear to have lower rates when compared to the more developed indexed countries, such as Western countries and those in Asia and North America. For example, when comparing DALYs of breast cancer between Yemen (156.48/100,000 population/years) and the United Kingdom [(UK) 939.24/100,000 population/years], the higher number in the UK compared to Yemen reflects differences in many factors, including primarily the calculated indices in the development index.