• br Introduction Retinal neovascularization is the most

  2018-11-09

  

  Introduction Retinal neovascularization is the most common cause of moderate to severe vision loss in all age groups; i.e., retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in children, diabetic retinopathy in adults and age-related macular degeneration in the elderly (Andreoli and Miller, 2007; Chen and Smith,

• Previous studies have demonstrated that

  2018-11-08

  

  Previous studies have demonstrated that the effects of stem cell transplantation in animal experiments vary with different times of cell grafting (Chen et al., 2001; Hofstetter et al., 2002). One possible explanation for this may be that the tissue microenvironment at the site of stem cell transplan

• We analyzed whether DLK PREF that

  2018-11-08

  

  We analyzed whether DLK1(PREF1), that was firstly identified as a putative marker for murine preadipocytes (Smas and Sul, 1993), could be used as additional marker to characterize human ASC. We found that DLK1(PREF1) is highly expressed in human ASC. The DLK1(PREF1) protein levels were similar in hu

• Currently there is limited information on the stability

  2018-11-08

  

  Currently, there is limited information on the stability of the mitochondrial genome during expansion of adult cells. A very limited number of studies have reported the detection of mutations in the mtDNA of human colonic crypt stem sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator as well as in adult and

• The functional roles of SOX in human pluripotency maintenanc

  2018-11-08

  

  The functional roles of SOX2 in human pluripotency maintenance and lineage differentiation were recently reported (Wang et al., 2012). SOX2 is not essential for hESC self-renewal. However, overexpression of SOX2 results in the promotion of neural ectodermal differentiation and the suppression of def

• This is in accord with previous reports that astrocytes infl

  2018-11-08

  

  This is in accord with previous reports, that astrocytes influence both proliferation and differentiation of embryonic and adult neural stem cells, and specifically promote neurogenic fate of neural stem cells (Roy et al., 2006; Nakayama et al., 2003; Song et al., 2002). Factors that affect neural s

• Importantly using CXCL CXCR interactions as a paradigm for

  2018-11-08

  

  Importantly using CXCL12/CXCR4 interactions as a paradigm for other factors and receptors, we demonstrated that CXCL12 is required for chemotaxis, but not chemokinesis of human UCB CD133+ HSPCs in the absence of niche elements, and that the CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, inhibits chemokine sensing but n

• We found seven published clinical

  2018-11-08

  

  We found seven published clinical trials studying the effects of MSC transplantation in patients with liver cirrhosis (listed in Table 2). A pilot phase 1 study published in 2007 included four patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (Mohamadnejad et al., 2007). Cells were derived from iliac cres

• br Introduction Developmental myelination and

  2018-11-08

  

  Introduction Developmental myelination and myelin repair after demyelination are mediated by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). OPCs are characterized by markers such as PDGFRα and the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan NG2 (Dubois-Dalcq et al., 2008; Franklin and Ffrench-Constant, 2008; Nishi

• ALS is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder

  2018-11-08

  

  ALS is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a selective and widespread degeneration of lower and upper motor neurons (Gordon, 2013; Rowland and Shneider, 2001). The main symptomatic features of ALS are muscular atrophy, motor paralysis and difficulties in speaking, swallowing, chewing

• The following is the supplementary data

  2018-11-08

  

  The following is the supplementary data related to this article. Authors\' contributions O.F. contributed to prepare experimental design, performed Ca measurements, helped with data and statistical analysis, immunocytochemistry, confocal imaging, and contributed in manuscript writing. Disclos

• retinoid x receptor By qPCR we confirmed that

  2018-11-08

  

  By qPCR we confirmed that DLL4 mRNA levels increase dramatically as the control shSCR cells undergo differentiation, but in shDLL4 cells the DLL4 mRNA is efficiently suppressed (Fig. 2E, left panel). To confirm that DLL4 mRNA suppression had a functional effect we analyzed the mRNA levels of two wel

• br Conclusion Cellular reprogramming is an inefficient proce

  2018-11-08

  

  Conclusion Cellular reprogramming is an inefficient process and obtaining the rare reprogramming intermediates is a major hurdle in understanding this important event at the molecular level. The application of certain techniques that require higher cell numbers such as transcription factor URMC-0

• The transgenic iPSCs differentiate into embryoid

  2018-11-08

  

  The transgenic iPSCs differentiate into embryoid bodies (EBs) containing spontaneously beating EGFP-positive areas, which first appear on day 7–9 of differentiation (Fig. 2A). After 7days of puromycin treatment, nearly all non-cardiomyocytes in EBs are eliminated and the resistant Madecassoside sur

• br Experimental Procedures br Acknowledgments br Introductio

  2018-11-08

  

  Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments Introduction Induced pluripotent stem Q-VD-Oph (iPSCs) can be generated by introducing OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC (Takahashi et al., 2007; Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006) or other combinations of reprogramming factors (Stadtfeld and Hochedlinger, 2010)

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