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The exact mechanism by which N BPs
2022-08-08

The exact mechanism by which N-BPs inhibit FPPS remains unclear. Computer modeling [10] suggests that N-BPs mimic the structure of the enzyme’s natural isoprenoid pyrophosphate substrates, geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP)/dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) or act as carbocation transition state analogs
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br Acknowledgements We thank Dr Bhushan Nagar and Dr Albert
2022-08-08

Acknowledgements We thank Dr. Bhushan Nagar and Dr. Albert Berghuis for access to the X-ray diffraction machine at McGill University. We also thank Dr. Manon Couture and Dr. Steve Charette at Université Laval for access to scientific equipment. Funding for this research was provided by Discovery
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Two typical properties of Gi
2022-08-08

Two typical properties of Gi/o protein-coupled receptors, namely an increase in 35S-GTPγS binding (Strange, 2010) and an inhibition of exocytotic noradrenaline release (Schlicker and Göthert, 1998), were not shared by H4 receptor activation on cortical membranes (guinea-pig and mouse) and cortical s
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br Financial support This study was
2022-08-05

Financial support This study was supported by Grant PH-102-PP-11, PH-103-PP-11 from the National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan. Conflict of interest Please refer to the accompanying ICMJE disclosure forms for further details. Authors’ contributions Acknowledgements Introduction
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calcitriol hormone To assess the roles of GPR and GPR
2022-08-05

To assess the roles of GPR120 and GPR40 in malignant properties of pancreatic cancer cells, we generated GPR120 and GPR40 knockdown (PANC-sh120 and PANC-sh40, respectively) calcitriol hormone from PANC-1 (Fig. 2A). While no difference of cell growth rate between control PANC-RFP cells and PANC-sh12
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Strengths The primary feature of GPR agonists resides in
2022-08-05

Strengths The primary feature of GPR119 agonists resides in their dual mechanism of action in regulating blood glucose 1, 2, 3, 15. GPR119 agonists stimulate GLP-1 release from intestinal L AR-C155858 as well as glucose-dependent insulin secretion and insulin promoter activity enhancement in pancr
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br Materials and methods br Results br
2022-08-05

Materials and methods Results Discussion Until very recently, the anti-atherogenic activity of niacin was attributed almost exclusively to its impact on HDL and other plasma lipids, perhaps mediated via its action on GPR109A expressed in adipose or other tissues. However, recent clinical st
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The effects of opioids such as morphine are mediated
2022-08-05

The effects of opioids such as morphine are mediated through the opioid receptors. Opioid receptors are widely expressed both peripherally and in the CNS (Chen et al., 1993, Evans et al., 1992). The opioid agonist morphine has been shown to amplify the effect of the tubular cell-gp120 interaction on
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Foreign polypeptide antigens can be incorporated into VLPs
2022-08-05

Foreign polypeptide antigens can be incorporated into VLPs to create “chimeric” structures, either as fusions to either end of the VLP capsid (coat) protein (CP) or as additions to well-presented loops [18]. This kind of direct fusion to the coat is usually good for small peptides, however, larger p
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Given and a module N we
2022-08-05

Given and a -module N, we put The right hand side makes sense because we regard g as an 5-ht receptors of and meanwhile . It is also a skew group ring, identified with via the following equation It follows that becomes a -module, with Analogous to the situation of group representations, the underlyi
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br Materials and methods br Results br
2022-08-05

Materials and methods Results Discussion In nerve terminals, Na+-dependent glutamate transporters of the plasma membrane are responsible for the maintenance of low (non-toxic) extracellular glutamate concentrations and accomplish uptake of glutamate into the NB-598 Maleate sale of neurons
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br Introduction Glucose homeostasis is primarily
2022-08-05

Introduction Glucose homeostasis is primarily regulated by the hormones insulin and glucagon, secreted from the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Although insulin produced by β 51 8 is the blood glucose-lowering hormone, glucagon secreted from α cells acts as the major counter-regulatory hormone t
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br Conflict of interest statement br
2022-08-05

Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgments Introduction Hedgehog (Hh) signaling controls key steps of development in most tissues and organs of invertebrates and vertebrates (Briscoe and Therond, 2013, Ingham et al., 2011, Wilson and Chuang, 2010). The unique cellular composition and mo
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SH-4-54 GLP and glucose dependent insulinotropic
2022-08-05

GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) are gut hormones secreted from intestinal L SH-4-54 and K cells, respectively. Together, these hormones account for the vast majority of the incretin effect, the enhanced postprandial insulin secretion observed in healthy adults (Dupre et al.,
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Glucocorticoid is a major regulator of body s response to
2022-08-05

Glucocorticoid is a major regulator of body's response to stress (Armario, 2006). Repeated injections of the glucocorticoid corticosterone (CORT) in mice have been shown to produce an animal model of depression (Zhao et al., 2008). Further study of this phenomenon suggested that prolonged CORT expos
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